Category: Cars

I grew up in the 1960s and cars were one of my first interests. While I haven’t owned a great many, I have had some notable experiences since my first one, a 1957 Chevy.

  • Sports Cars: MGA & Sunbeam Alpine

    Sports Cars: MGA & Sunbeam Alpine

    Since I started reading sports car magazines in my mid teens I’ve been interested in cars. We lived on the Navy base in Long Beach, CA – where a neighbor had a MG TC, and was kind enough to take me for a ride in it. I liked this enough that – while my first car was a 57 Chevy – when I could make the decision for myself I chose a sports car.

    MGA

    I bought a red MGA when I flunked out of college for the first time, my reason/excuse was that I needed to be able to get to work. I still remember the leather smell that rose when I unzipped the driver’s side of the tonneau cover. Why doesn’t car leather smell so wonderful today? It doesn’t seem to matter whether the car is old or new, moderate or expensive, the leather smell just isn’t right.

    The MGA was well-used, and was one of the early ones. It had a minor oil leak, which I discovered when the oil got too low. The 1500cc MGAs had a three-main-bearing crankshaft – which was more sensitive to low oil levels than the later (1600cc, five-main-bearing) model. So, shortly after I bought it I needed to rebuild the engine. When I was driving home from the shop after buying it back I was pulled over when I went around a corner too fast. (Why else would you drive a sports car?) I told the officer of the situation and he let me go, which was very nice of him – and good for me as I’d spent all my money.

    The car also needed a battery. But this wasn’t a problem as I carried jumper cables and parked on a hill whenever I could. I was living with my parents and their house was on a hill. So I started coasting, turned on the ignition, and popped the clutch to start the car. At work, a three-foot roll was enough to start the car – I got very good at doing this, but I still bought a new battery when I was paid.

    Early Saturday mornings in good weather I went for a ride. I drove through the country west of McLean, VA – which was all farms then. Like most farming country, the roads meandered around fields – providing great corners. One of these turns also dipped to go over a bridge; on the far side of the bridge the local police were setting up a radar trap – but I was too early for it. They gave me dirty looks as I drove by, but didn’t do anything else. When I left home for my second sophomore year I sold the car.

    Porsche Super 90

    My uncle Gene, a Naval officer like my father, was fond of Porsches. His first was a 365A, one of the first in the country. When I had the MGA he had a Super 90. (My cousin Steve now owns this car. I haven’t seen it in decades except in pictures, but I see and smell it clearly.) After I took Gene for a ride in my MG and let him drive it, he did the same for me with his Porsche. (Sometimes virtue is rewarded.) First he drove one way down a favorite winding road, then he let me drive back. He sat beside me saying “Faster! Faster!”. A great memory. Gene kept the Super 90 until he bought a 911, when he sold it to Steve.

    I doubt that Steve still has it, but Gene had a diatomaceous earth oil filter for years. This was the oil filter used on ships at that time, so he adapted one to use on his car. He told me that he hadn’t changed the oil in thirty thousand miles. (He changed the filter periodically, but not the oil.) This must have been before oil additives became common, as I suspect they would be incompatible (I found no hits on a search for such oil filters). He told me of it when I read his Porche Club of America article on driving across Canada: “We kept the tach at 3 o’clock until we needed gas.”

    Sunbeam Alpine

    While I was in the Coast Guard my mother bought a light blue Sunbeam Alpine hardtop. She liked it, but I suspect she was planning to give it me when she thought I’d finally grown up. Apparently, she felt this had occurred while I’d been in the Coast Guard, as she gave it to me when I returned to college. It came with a gasoline credit card that my parents paid – it’s hard to imagine a nicer gift.

    This is the car in my mind when I think of being at Case. Some of the memories are:

    The car was almost low enough to drive under the campus gates. So I would grab the gate through the open window, lift it over the car top and drop it behind. I could do this at 10 mph.

    Driving back from southern Ohio in a pouring rainstorm without the top (it was on the lawn in front of the dorm)ll. We discovered that if we stayed over 75 then we stayed dry; only the last couple of miles were wet.

    All the parking places were taken, except for one too narrow for us to open the doors. We parked in it, lifted the front of the top, climbed out in our stocking feet, set the top back down, and climbed off the car.

    When the original tires wore out I bought radial tires, some of the first to be sold. This gave me a new excuse when an officer thought I was cornering too fast. “They squealed because the pressure is low, not because I was going too fast. I’ll get them pumped up.” It worked for me.

    On a Saturday evening I was the “responsible adult” while my aunt, uncle, and their friends were out of town. My friend took their friends’ daughter for a ride in my car. He squealed the tires around a corner and an officer turned on his siren. My friend outran them and hid for a while. Then he drove back to me – passing by the police station. Six police cars stopped on my uncle’s street with their lights flashing. My friend was taken to jail. The dean of students, who lived on the same street, said he would deal with it next week – leaving my friend in jail for the rest of the weekend. This was the only time my uncle got mad at me, but the dean of students defended me – but it wasn’t deserved.

    Saab Dealership

    When I needed repairs for the Sunbeam Alpine I took it to a repair shop owned by the local Saab dealer; it didn’t say that on its sign – or I might not have gone there – but I learned it after I’d been going there for a while. Frequently, when I didn’t have something that needed to be done, I’d go there and hang out – chatting with the manager and mechanics, handing them tools, and doing whatever I could to help. In return, they taught me about cars and mechanics.

    They repaired a lot of Jaguars because one of the mechanics, a Jamaican, was expert with them. So when the Jaguar dealer couldn’t repair a car, they brought it to him. I learned a lot from him, including many Jamaican swear words.

    They had a saying: “Don’t use force, get a bigger hammer.”

    One of the mechanics drove a Saab – this was when all Saabs were two-cycle, and you had to have oil in the gas. When an engine began to rattle – because it didn’t have oil in the gas – and was under warranty, the dealer would put it in the back room and install a new engine. The mechanic carried one of the rattling engines in the trunk, and had another installed. Every month or so he’d be an hour or two late getting to work or home. The engine would have seized, so he would swap engines at the side of the road. The engine was light enough, and came equipped with a handle on the top, to make this possible.

    The guy that owned the dealership raced a Corvette. One day he hit a deer at 120 mph during a race. He said that he survived because he was driving a fiberglass car – it crushed and the deer went under, instead of being picked up and hitting him in the face as the car had no windshield.

    One day Saab sent around a prototype Saab Sonnet, a sports car they were thinking of building. I drove it and loved it; it had an 850cc two-cycle engine – it was very light and very fast. But when they produced it for sale they used a four-cycle engine, heavier and lower-powered – so I never bought one. When I graduated, I bought a BMW 2002 (see post).

    Since…

    All of my cars since have been sedans. While some had good performance and/or personalities, they just didn’t have the attraction that sports cars have for me. But modern sports cars are so fast – and I’m getting older – that I really couldn’t do justice to one. The only one I’ve driven that I’d really like is the Mazda Miata. But when Paula and I met, she was driving a sports car and I was driving a sedan – and it has remained that way. But I’ll tell you about driving a Miata…

    Because a friend told me when to send my name in we were invited to a Mazda Track Day. There, on an old airport, we could drive all of their cars on the track. I liked all of them, but the only one I had an emotional response to was the Miata. Paula was riding with me, the track was tight – all turns. On the first turn I put the tail out and held it there. One of the Mazda employee’s head clicked around so he could watch me. For the next turn I flipped the tail out the other way and again held it – and he looked elsewhere; I considered that a compliment. While that’s the only modern car I know of where you can do such things at low speed, I can’t think of a better way to be pulled over than to be seen doing it on the road. But it’s a nice memory.

    July 27, 2020

  • 1971 BMW 2002

    1971 BMW 2002

    Since my late teens, I’ve read sports car magazines and thought about what I’d like to have. While I was in my last year of college there were many articles about the new BMW 2002. I bought a new 1971 BMW 2002 shortly after I graduated from college.

    I drove it without any changes until it needed new tires, but the new tires shook the entire car. The tire dealer re-balanced them, it still shook. Someone (maybe me, I don’t remember) suggested that we check the runout – it was 0.25 inches. So we checked the rim runout, it too was 0.25 inches. The car had always ridden smoothly, and I figured out what had happened: BMW cut the tires to overall roundness to make sure the car rode well. But either someone never noticed or didn’t care about the out-of-round wheels and the tire-rounding hid them from me until I bought the new tires. The car was out of warranty, and I wasn’t mad enough to fight with BMW about it. I bought new wheels, alloy instead of steel – I’d wanted them, as they were lighter and would reduce the unsprung weight, so I took this as an opportunity.

    The car stayed unmodified until I finished my doctorate at Harvard Business School fifteen years later. During my last year there I thought about what I wanted to do with it; it was worn, of course. I decided to fix it up, but I needed to pay for doing so and I thought of a plan. I created 1040X’s for the last five years with two changes to my original tax filings.

    1. Deducted my doctoral education expenses; there were two tests for being able to do so:
      1. It must maintain or improve existing skills – I had been consulting before, during, and would do so after my doctorate
      2. It couldn’t suit me for a new business or profession – I found professors at MIT and other schools without a doctorate to prove this
    2. Deducted my race car as a business expense; the test was an expectation of profit:
      1. The IRS code didn’t say that the expectation was rational; my partner and I were so naive that we had actually discussed what to do with our profits

    Because they were 1040X’s they were automatically audited, as I knew they would be. The race car deduction turned out to be the easy part; I had to appeal the educational deduction. The appellate level approved the educational deduction. I received several thousand dollars in refunds – enough for the car improvements as I did most of the work myself. These were:

    • Blueprint the engine and transmission, replace the differential with a limited-slip
    • Replace the driver’s seat, replace the front seat belts with racing harnesses
    • Replace the gas tank with a racing fuel cell
    • New wheels, tires, bearings, suspension bushings, and new shock absorbers
    • Weld all body seams for chassis stiffness, repaint, and new windshield

    When I finished the car looked like it just came from the showroom, but was faster and handled much better. It was just what I wanted. The only addition came a year later: a second gas tank in the trunk with a switch to control it – so I could drive between Albany and Washington DC without needing gas, as the 1979 oil crisis could have affected my frequent trips.

    The extra gas tank came in handy for the Cumberford Martinique. On the day the prototype was finished, we wanted to drive it around the parking lot. But we had no gas and no can to put it in. So we used my (mounted higher) extra tank to siphon some down into the Martinique’s gas tank. This earned me one of the early opportunities to drive it sedately around the lot.

    I have two notable memories of my BMW (it’s the only one I’ve owned). First, not long after buying it I was driving from Cleveland to Washington DC, as I did frequently. When I turned South from the Pennsylvania Turnpike I followed another BMW. He went faster and faster, and before long we were around 100 through the mountains. He was a quarter of a mile ahead of me, so I wasn’t concerned with radar – I’d never seen it in that section anyway – and the road was dry with little traffic. Finally, he turned off and I continued at a more sedate pace.

    The second memory is of driving from RPI to Connecticut, to visit my friends, the Cumberfords. A student was riding with me, as I was passing near his home; he thought me strange when I insisted that he fasten all five points of his safety harness. It was night and we were driving down the Taconic State Parkway very fast, between 80 and 90 – and we hit a deer. Afterwards we were both OK, I checked the deer and it was dead. I had the car towed nearby and rented a car. I dropped my student at his home, and drove on to the Cumberfords. There, I noticed that the front of my shoulders were bruised from the shoulder straps. The next day I borrowed a truck and car trailer from them, loaded my rental car, drove to return the rental car, drove to my car and loaded it, drove to Mount Airy, MD, where a friend had a car repair shop. I left my BMW with him, borrowed a car from him and put it on the trailer, drove to the Cumberfords, dropped off the truck and trailer, and drove the borrowed car back to RPI. Later, when my friend had fixed the BMW, I drove down and swapped back.

    I drove the rebuilt car for another ten years. Finally, when it got too tired I gave it to my friend in Mount Airy, MD, who turned it into a race car for SCCA. It’s replacement was a Dodge semi-GLH – without the turbo, but with all of the suspension modifications. It was a worthy replacement; a good-handling sleeper.

    May 15, 2020

  • Cumberford Martinique

    Cumberford Martinique

    The Cumberford Martinique came from the fertile minds of the Cumberford brothers; Robert was the designer and James handled the business side.

    I became involved through the friend-of-a-friend-of-a-friend. My friend had worked in England when currency export was blocked, so he used his earnings to buy an old Bentley; I volunteered to change its water pump. This was while I was maintaining and developing the software that HBS used to teach financial modeling. “He likes cars and does financial modeling” traveled through the links, and I was asked to visit their company and perhaps do some work for them.

    Of course I dressed up; wearing my best three-piece suit I knocked on the people door next to an overhead door. After a couple of minutes the overhead door rose and a bearded man in dirty jeans leaned under it and asked what he could do for me. I said “I’m looking for James Cumberford”; he said, “That’s me”. I ducked under and was shown around the facility and introduced to some of the people working there.

    The People

    James had been in sales most of his life. He had sold diesel motors for boats, and later owned a yacht delivery service. He had also been a Sloan Fellow at MIT, which is where the friend-of chain started.

    Robert is James’ older brother. He had been a car designer and journalist. His first design job was at General Motors, where he had been Principal Stylist for the 1958 Corvette. He had subsequently designed cars for many other companies, and was widely know and respected in the industry.

    Marilyn was in charge of dealing with the government – navigating the many regulations that affect all car companies.

    Chappy helped Robert produce the drawings for the car. He was the oldest of the group and had started and run a drafting school in Detroit. He once questioned Robert’s statement that the intersection of two services was a straight line – so he spent two days developing the intersection on a series of drawings. (I’ve never seen so many lines on these drawings.) Eventually, he proved it to be a straight line.

    Peter did everything requiring hands and thinking that didn’t fall into a standard job. He was the one who figured out how to produce the wood-composite fenders that are so distinctive.

    The Car

    At this time old-looking cars were popular – the Clenet is an example – these were a modern version of coachwork on recently-purchased cars with the body removed. While visually striking, their additional weight hurt performance.

    Picture of the Cumberford Martinique at the Detroit Grand Prix before people arrived.
    In Detroit, at the Grand Prix

    The Cumberford brothers had a better idea: They would make a car that looked like a french car of the late 1930s with the best-available technology. Here are some of the highlights of that technology:

    • Engine and transmission from the BMW 733
    • All-hydraulic suspension from the Citroen CX
    • Cast aluminum chassis to the same specs as the F15 by the same caster
      • The pieces were held together by bolts that broke off when they were at the right torque so they couldn’t be over- or under-torqued, very trick!
    • Wheels by North American Rockwell
    • First use of TRX tires by Michelin

    Only Robert Cumberford could have made this possible; no one else in the world would have been permitted to purchase and use these parts. Even he could only do so because the car was to be much more expensive than anything made by BMW or Citroen. The planned retail price was $125,000; this was a lot of money around 1980 when a new Ferrari 308 sold for $45,000.

    The Plan

    It was never intended that there be a lot of these cars; the overall logic came from a statement from someone with decades of experience advertising cars: “You can sell two hundred per year of anything; there are always enough people who want to be the only one at the country club.” So we planned to sell the Martinique for a few years and then produce a car with more modern bodywork. This strategy was designed to avoid conflicting with the suppliers while making fine cars.

    Driveability

    Most of the driving feel of the car came from the chassis and suspension. The chassis was very stiff because of the size of the chassis components and the rigidity of cast aluminum. This is important because it allows the suspension to work as designed. The Citroen hydraulic suspension was made to very close tolerances: the suspension components used needle roller bearings. This, combined with 2.5 turns lock to lock steering left no play at all. So Citroen had designed means of reducing the steering preciseness to the level that the driver preferred.

    Even the springs were unique: They were spheres pressurized with nitrogen; it was that pressure that determined the suspension stiffness. But because they were spheres, they provide an additional adjustment that is very difficult with mechanical suspensions. Normal metal springs have their stiffness increased the same proportion for each spring movement. Translating: if the spring stiffness increases 50% with a displacement from 0 to 1 inch, then 4 to 5 inches will also increase stiffness by 50%. The Citroen suspension wasn’t limited by this: The pressure determined the stiffness of the first inch’s compression, but the diameter of the sphere determined the stiffness of the 4 to 5 inch compression. This allowed a very comfortable ride on smooth roads while stiffening over large bumps. Other cars try to achieve the same effect with rubber bump stops, but it’s not the same.

    Driving The Car

    When I drove the car the first thing I tried out was the self-centering steering. Regardless of what the car was doing, if I let go of the steering wheel it returned to center with the wheels straight ahead– but without tugging on my hands to do so. Then I tried some corners, both bumpy and smooth. It stayed flat and controllable, regardless of how hard I pushed it. The chassis felt like a race car with all body seams welded and a roll cage– because of the stiffness. Just a great car to drive. I also received the first speeding ticket in a Martinique, 80 in a 65 – although I was actually going faster – the officer was kind, and probably intrigued by the car.

    Robert in dark hat, me in light hat, at Detroit Grand Prix to show off the Cumberford Martinique

    What Happened?

    The company had orders (and deposits) for more than one hundred cars. But additional funds were needed to fill the orders. We wrote a prospectus and began the money-raising process. Then John DeLorean was arrested on drug-trafficking (he was later found innocent); all the prospectuses were returned to us within a week. We had thought that DeLorean would go under because, in their first prospectus they had a graph of how many cars that would sell at various prices to justify their forecast unit volume. Later versions of their prospectus kept that volume with much higher prices, and the graph was no longer included. So we were hoping that we could be funded before it happened.

    The Cumberfords tried to continue for a few years, but were never funded. All deposits were returned and all bills that could be paid were paid. Both Robert and James went on to other things.

    April 8, 2020